Question 1

Which structure in the brain is primarily responsible for controlling circadian rhythms by responding to external cues such as light?

Accepted Answer

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 2

A person travels from New York to Tokyo and experiences jet lag. Which aspect of their sleep-wake cycle is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm

Question 3

Which hormone is released by the pineal gland to help regulate sleep?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 4

During which sleep phase are vivid dreams and muscle paralysis most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the EEG pattern seen during deep sleep (Stages 3 & 4 NREM)?

Accepted Answer

Low frequency, high amplitude delta waves

Question 6

James is analyzing EEGs and is focusing on the height of the waves. What is he measuring?

Accepted Answer

Amplitude

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the sleep cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

On average, people go through 4-6 sleep cycles per night.

Question 8

Which EEG feature is defined as a sudden, very high amplitude wave seen in Stage 2 sleep?

Accepted Answer

K complex

Question 9

If a person is awakened during REM sleep, what is the most likely report?

Accepted Answer

They were experiencing vivid dreams.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the progression of sleep stages throughout a typical night?

Accepted Answer

REM cycles get longer as the night goes on.

Question 11

A patient in a sleep lab shows EEG readings with sleep spindles and K complexes. Which stage of sleep are they most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 NREM

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct definition of frequency in the context of EEG waves?

Accepted Answer

The number of wave cycles per second

Question 13

Which sleep stage is most difficult to distinguish from being awake based on EEG readings?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles

Question 15

If a person wakes up in the middle of the night and then falls back asleep, which stage do they most likely re-enter first?

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 NREM

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of light on the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Light signals the SCN, which suppresses melatonin release.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the amplitude of EEG waves?

Accepted Answer

Amplitude is the height of the waves and indicates the strength of brain activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of chronic circadian rhythm dysregulation, such as from frequent night shifts?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of metabolic disorders

Question 19

Which of the following best matches the EEG feature with its sleep stage?

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles: Stage 2 NREM

Question 20

A person is in a moderately deep sleep and their EEG shows sleep spindles. Which stage are they in and what is the significance of sleep spindles?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 NREM; sleep spindles are associated with memory consolidation

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Psychology of Consciousness

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