Question 1

According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, what is the primary source of satisfaction for infants during the oral stage (birth to two years)?

Accepted Answer

Sucking and activities involving the mouth

Question 2

Which of the following best describes Erikson’s concept of 'trust versus mistrust' in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Infants learn to trust the world if their needs are consistently met by caregivers.

Question 3

Harlow’s experiments with infant monkeys demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Infants prefer comfort and security over food when forming attachments.

Question 4

According to Bowlby’s attachment theory, what is an 'internal model'?

Accepted Answer

A child’s mental representation of their relationship with caregivers, influencing future relationships.

Question 5

Which attachment behaviour is characterized by an infant’s discomfort when separated from an attachment figure?

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety

Question 6

In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation, which attachment style is indicated by an infant who avoids contact with the parent and shows no preference for the parent over a stranger?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment

Question 7

Which of the following caregiver characteristics is NOT directly associated with fostering secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

High levels of interparental conflict

Question 8

A child who is sociable, positive toward friends, and less dependent on teachers is likely to have had which type of attachment in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 9

Which temperament type, according to Thomas and Chess, describes a child who adapts slowly to new situations and is somewhat inactive?

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm-up child

Question 10

Which dimension of temperament is defined as the ability to stay focused and manage attention and effort?

Accepted Answer

Effortful control/task persistence

Question 11

A child who consistently seeks out new experiences and displays positive emotions is high in which temperament dimension?

Accepted Answer

Approach/positive emotionality/sociability

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'goodness-of-fit' in temperament?

Accepted Answer

A child’s temperament is adaptable to their environment, and the environment adapts to the child.

Question 13

At what age do infants typically become fully aware of the subjective (existential) self?

Accepted Answer

By 8–12 months

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of social referencing in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A baby looks at their caregiver’s face to decide whether to approach a new toy.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about nonparental care is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

The quality of care is more important than whether care is parental or nonparental.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the 'objective (categorical) self'?

Accepted Answer

Understanding oneself in terms of categories such as gender or qualities like shyness.

Question 17

A researcher observes that a child can label themselves by name and gender. According to developmental theory, this ability typically emerges:

Accepted Answer

By late in the second year

Question 18

Which of the following is a long-term consequence of secure attachment in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Increased sociability and emotional maturity throughout life

Question 19

Which of the following best describes 'niche-picking' in the context of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Individuals select experiences that reflect their temperamental tendencies.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a phase in Bowlby’s model of attachment development?

Accepted Answer

Effortful control

Social and Personality Development in Infancy: Key Concepts and Theories CH. 6

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