Question 1

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which structure of personality operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification?

Accepted Answer

The id

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between personality and temperament?

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to enduring traits and patterns, while temperament refers to basic emotional responses present from early life.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing anxiety and unconsciously redirects their feelings from a threatening object to a safer substitute. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Displacement

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Big 5' personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 5

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in personality development. What does 'unconditional positive regard' mean?

Accepted Answer

Accepting and valuing a person without conditions or judgment

Question 6

A psychologist is using the DSM-5 to diagnose a patient. What does DSM-5 stand for?

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between major depression and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder includes both depressive and manic episodes, while major depression involves only depressive episodes.

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 9

A person is diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Which of the following best describes a compulsion?

Accepted Answer

A repetitive behavior performed to reduce anxiety

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cognitive appraisal in stress?

Accepted Answer

A person evaluates a situation as threatening or challenging, influencing their stress response

Question 11

According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), what is the correct order of stages in the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

$$Alarm \rightarrow Resistance \rightarrow Exhaustion$$

Question 12

Which two bodily systems are most affected by stress in psychophysiological illnesses?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine and immune systems

Question 13

A person who consistently expects negative outcomes and interprets ambiguous events as threats is demonstrating which type of explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

Pessimistic

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the defense mechanism of projection?

Accepted Answer

Attributing one's own unacceptable feelings to another person

Question 15

Which approach in psychology focuses on observable behaviors and the role of learning in shaping behavior?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral

Question 16

A person is described as high in conscientiousness according to the Big 5 model. Which behavior would best exemplify this trait?

Accepted Answer

Being organized and reliable

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the concept of locus of control?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which people believe they have control over the outcomes of events in their lives

Question 18

Which of the following is a symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Delusions and hallucinations

Question 19

A person who is able to recognize and manage their own emotions, as well as understand the emotions of others, is demonstrating which concept?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between approach-approach and avoidance-avoidance conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Approach-approach involves choosing between two desirable options, while avoidance-avoidance involves choosing between two undesirable options.

Study Guide: Personality, Psychological Disorders, and Stress & Health

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