Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Transport, protection, and regulation

Question 2

A patient with type B- blood needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can safely be given to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 3

Which component of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Question 4

What is the primary function of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Initiating hemostasis and blood clotting

Question 5

A person with blood type AB+ is considered a universal recipient for red blood cell transfusions. Why?

Accepted Answer

They have no anti-A, anti-B, or anti-Rh antibodies in their plasma

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why agglutination is dangerous during a transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

It can block small blood vessels and cause kidney failure

Question 7

Which of the following statements about plasma is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is about 91-92% water and contains proteins, nutrients, and waste products

Question 8

A woman with Rh- blood is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. What is the risk if she is exposed to fetal blood during delivery?

Accepted Answer

She may develop anti-Rh antibodies that can affect future pregnancies

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Question 10

What is the main protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between antigens and antibodies in the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies in plasma target antigens not present on the individual's own RBCs

Question 12

A patient with type O- blood is considered a universal donor. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 13

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for fighting parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding serum?

Accepted Answer

Serum is plasma without clotting factors

Question 15

If a person with type A+ blood receives type B+ blood, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Their anti-B antibodies will react with B antigens, causing agglutination

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A multi-step process involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens

Question 19

A patient with a high white blood cell count is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An infection or inflammation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plasma is more than just water?

Accepted Answer

It contains proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

The Cardiovascular System and Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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