Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of how they control body tissues?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts rapidly and has short-lasting effects, while the endocrine system acts slowly and has long-lasting effects.

Question 2

Which of the following is a general function of hormones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of metabolism, growth, and reproduction

Question 3

Which hormone is NOT classified as a tropic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 4

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be deficient?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases water conservation in the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin – Breast

Question 8

A tumor in the adrenal cortex could lead to excessive production of which hormone, resulting in high blood glucose and suppressed immune function?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and is involved in stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why only certain cells respond to a particular hormone?

Accepted Answer

Only those cells have the appropriate receptors for the hormone.

Question 11

Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is responsible for increasing basal metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Conserve sodium and increase potassium loss in the kidneys

Question 13

A patient with damage to the anterior pituitary would most likely have decreased levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

It produces catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 16

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

TSH

Question 17

Which hormone is produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex and is involved in the development of secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Sex hormones (e.g., estrogen, testosterone)

Question 18

A patient with excessive urination and dehydration is found to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 19

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

FSH

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the pancreas as a mixed gland?

Accepted Answer

It has both exocrine (digestive juice) and endocrine (hormone) functions.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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