Somatosensory Cortex

Definition and Function

The somatosensory cortex is a region of the brain located in the parietal lobe, responsible for processing sensory information from the body, such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (body position).

• Location: The somatosensory cortex is situated just behind the central sulcus in the parietal lobe.

• Function: It receives and interprets input from sensory receptors throughout the body, allowing us to perceive physical sensations.

• Organization: The cortex is organized somatotopically, meaning different areas correspond to sensations from specific body parts (often illustrated by the 'sensory homunculus').

Studying Brain Function: Lesion Method

One way scientists study the functions of the somatosensory cortex is by examining the effects of damage to brain tissue (lesions).

• Lesion Studies: By observing changes in behavior or sensation after specific brain areas are damaged, researchers can infer the functions of those regions.

• Example: Damage to the somatosensory cortex can result in loss of sensation or inability to recognize objects by touch (astereognosis).

Additional info: Lesion studies have been fundamental in mapping the brain's sensory and motor areas. Modern techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), now allow non-invasive study of brain activity during sensory processing.