Question 1

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 2

Which stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory is characterized by the challenge of developing a sense of trust in caregivers?

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. mistrust

Question 3

Piaget’s cognitive theory identifies four stages of development. Which stage is marked by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not yet about abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operations

Question 4

Which theorist emphasized the importance of social and cultural experiences, especially language, in the development of personality?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky

Question 5

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which need must be met before an individual can pursue self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Physiological

Question 6

Bandura’s social-learning theory suggests personality develops primarily through which process?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to and imitation of behavior

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

Industry

Question 8

A college student struggling with identity and future career choices is most likely experiencing which of Erikson’s psychosocial stages?

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Question 9

Which theory posits that people naturally form their own positive destiny if obstacles are removed, and mastery over the environment forms the self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Environmental Theory (Rogers)

Question 10

Which developmental task, according to Havighurst, is most relevant for an older adult who has recently lost a spouse?

Accepted Answer

Adjusting to the death of a spouse

Question 11

Bronfenbrenner’s theory highlights the influence of multiple environments on development. Which of the following is NOT a level in his social theory?

Accepted Answer

Peer group

Question 12

Which defense mechanism involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Question 13

According to Kohlberg’s theory, which stage of moral development is characterized by adherence to social rules to gain approval or maintain order?

Accepted Answer

Conventional

Question 14

Which concept describes the process by which self-image is formed through imagining how we portray ourselves to others and how others evaluate us?

Accepted Answer

Looking-glass self

Question 15

A child who learns to fear dogs after being bitten is demonstrating which type of conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 16

Which theorist extended Piaget’s model to include stages of adulthood, emphasizing the ego’s adaptation to demands?

Accepted Answer

Loevinger

Question 17

Which of the following is a major force influencing adult learners, according to developmental theories?

Accepted Answer

Culture, environment, past experiences, and health status

Question 18

Which stage in Atchley’s developmental stages of retirement is characterized by excitement and freedom immediately after retirement?

Accepted Answer

Honeymoon

Question 19

Which theory suggests that lifelong interaction with the environment and the need for reciprocal relationships are central to development?

Accepted Answer

Constructive Theory (Kegan)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of self-actualization according to Rogers?

Accepted Answer

Realizing one can do many things to be like the ideal self

Theories of Development: Comprehensive Overview for Psychology Students

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