Q: According to Rational Choice Theory, which equation best represents the decision-making process for committing a crime?

$$ \text{Expected Utility} = \text{Probability of Success} \times \text{Reward} - \text{Probability of Failure} \times \text{Cost} $$

Q: In the context of justice studies, which equation best represents the utilitarian approach to justice?

$$ \text{Justice} = \max \sum_{i=1}^{n} \text{Happiness}_i $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the adversarial and restorative processes in procedural justice theory?

Accepted Answer

The adversarial process relies on an unbiased third party to resolve matters, while the restorative process emphasizes the inclusion of all voices affected by conflict.

Question 2

According to the Human Nature Debate presented, which pairing best represents the contrast between Skinnerian and Prophetic worldviews?

Accepted Answer

Selfish gene vs. Compassionate core

Question 3

Which theory of justice is most concerned with the fairness of the process by which guilt or innocence is determined?

Accepted Answer

Procedural Justice Theory

Question 4

A judge in a criminal case ensures that both the prosecution and defense have equal opportunity to present evidence, and that the rules of the court are strictly followed. Which theory of justice does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Procedural Justice Theory

Question 5

Which of the following is a key critique of the Social Contract Theory as discussed in the summary?

Accepted Answer

It views the justice system as serving only the powerful.

Question 6

In the context of justice theories, what does Relational Justice Theory emphasize?

Accepted Answer

Just relationships at all levels, including individual, institutional, and societal.

Question 7

Which theory argues that justice and crime must be understood through interconnected worldviews and the distribution of power?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 8

A feminist theorist critiques the criminal justice system for ignoring the impact of patriarchy. Which concept is central to this critique?

Accepted Answer

The exclusion of women from certain career opportunities and decision-making roles.

Question 9

According to Symbolic Interactionism, what is the primary factor in how justice is understood and applied?

Accepted Answer

The meaning individuals assign to social interactions.

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'enoughness' as discussed in the Prophetic worldview?

Accepted Answer

A community shares resources so that everyone has what they need, rather than competing for excess.

Question 11

If a society believes that love and compassion are at the core of human nature, which worldview does this reflect?

Accepted Answer

Prophetic Worldview

Question 12

Which theory would most likely argue that justice is not a permanent concept, but changes based on social interactions and meanings?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 13

According to Rational Choice Theory, which equation best represents the decision-making process for committing a crime?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Expected Utility} = 	ext{Probability of Success} 	imes 	ext{Reward} - 	ext{Probability of Failure} 	imes 	ext{Cost} $$

Question 14

Which theory is most likely to focus on how laws and definitions of crime are used to maintain power structures in society?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 15

A restorative justice circle is convened after a conflict in a school. All parties affected by the incident are invited to share their perspectives and work toward a resolution. Which theory does this practice best exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Restorative Process in Procedural Justice Theory

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a major theme in the Human Nature Debate as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Equality vs. Inequality

Question 17

Which theory would most likely argue that justice is achieved when the greatest happiness is provided to the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarian Theory

Question 18

In the context of justice studies, which equation best represents the utilitarian approach to justice?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Justice} = \max \sum_{i=1}^{n} 	ext{Happiness}_i $$

Question 19

Which theory is most likely to analyze how gender roles and patriarchy influence the justice system?

Accepted Answer

Feminist Theory

Theories of Justice: Human Nature, Worldviews, and Justice Systems

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