Question 1

Which of the following best describes a frequency distribution for qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

A table that lists each category of data and the number of occurrences for each category.

Question 2

Given the following frequency table for M&M colors, what is the relative frequency of yellow M&Ms?

Brown: 12, Yellow: 10, Red: 9, Orange: 6, Blue: 3, Green: 5

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{10}{45} \approx 0.2222$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between a bar graph and a histogram?

Accepted Answer

Bar graphs are used for qualitative data, while histograms are used for quantitative data.

Question 4

A Pareto chart is a special type of bar graph. What distinguishes a Pareto chart from a regular bar graph?

Accepted Answer

Bars are arranged in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency.

Question 5

Why should relative frequencies be used instead of frequencies when comparing two data sets of different sizes using side-by-side bar graphs?

Accepted Answer

Relative frequencies account for differences in sample or population size, making comparisons fair.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a pie chart?

Accepted Answer

A circle divided into sectors, with each sector representing a category and its area proportional to the category's frequency.

Question 7

A histogram is constructed for the time between eruptions at Old Faithful. The smallest value is 672 seconds and the largest is 738 seconds. If the first class is 670-679 and the class width is 10, what is the lower class limit of the third class?

Accepted Answer

$$690$$

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of a stem-and-leaf plot over a histogram?

Accepted Answer

A stem-and-leaf plot preserves the original data values.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a uniform distribution?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of each value of the variable is evenly spread out across the values.

Question 10

A time-series plot is most appropriate for which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Data measured at different points in time.

Question 11

Which of the following is a guideline for constructing good graphics?

Accepted Answer

Title and label the axes clearly, including units of measurement and data source.

Question 12

A misleading time series graph is constructed by truncating the vertical axis. What effect does this have?

Accepted Answer

It exaggerates the apparent change in the data over time.

Question 13

Suppose you are asked to construct a frequency distribution for a large set of continuous data. What is the first step you should take?

Accepted Answer

Determine the smallest and largest observations in the data set.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a graph might be misleading or deceptive?

Accepted Answer

The graph uses clear labels and accurate scales.

Question 15

A dot plot is most useful for which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

Displaying the distribution of a small set of quantitative data.

Question 16

If a histogram of household incomes is skewed right, what does this indicate about the distribution?

Accepted Answer

There are a few households with much higher incomes than the rest.

Question 17

Which formula is used to calculate the relative frequency of a category?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Frequency} = \frac{	ext{Frequency of the category}}{	ext{Sum of all frequencies}}$$

Question 18

When constructing classes for a frequency distribution of continuous data, what is a recommended guideline for the number of classes?

Accepted Answer

Between 5 and 20 classes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a bell-shaped distribution?

Accepted Answer

The highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and right.

Chapter 2: Summarizing Data in Tables and Graphs – Introductory Statistics Study Guide

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