Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between statistical significance and practical significance?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance means the results are unlikely to occur by chance, while practical significance means the results are large or meaningful enough to matter in real life.

Question 2

A survey is posted on a popular website asking visitors to vote on their favorite movie. What type of sample is this?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary response sample

Question 3

Which of the following is the least important factor to consider when conducting a statistical analysis of data?

Accepted Answer

Formula calculation

Question 4

A study finds that a new medication reduces symptoms with a $$p-$$value of $$0.03. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The results are statistically significant because $$0.03 \u003c 0.05.$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a census?

Accepted Answer

A study that collects data from every member of the population.

Question 6

A news article claims a toothpaste 'reduces plaque by over 300%.' What is wrong with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A reduction of 100% would eliminate all plaque, so it is not possible to reduce it by more than 100%.

Question 7

Why might a survey conducted by the American Automobile Association (AAA) about public transportation use be biased?

Accepted Answer

AAA has an incentive to produce results that are in line with preferring private automobiles.

Question 8

A survey question asks, 'Don’t you agree that recycling is important for the environment?' What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A loaded question

Question 9

In a study, 46% of 1241 respondents said a certain behavior is essential. What is the exact value of respondents who said this?

Accepted Answer

$$46\% 	imes 1241 = 570.86$$

Question 10

Why can’t you subtract the number of lemon imports from the car crash fatality rate to find a meaningful result?

Accepted Answer

Because lemon imports and car crash fatality rates use different units of measurement.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a voluntary response sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample where participants choose themselves to respond.

Question 12

A study finds a statistically significant difference in test scores between two teaching methods, but the average difference is only 0.2 points out of 100. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant but not practically significant.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the percentage and count of people in survey results?

Accepted Answer

A percentage can be a decimal, but the count of people must be a whole number.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of getting these results by chance is very small.

Question 15

A study reports a 120% decrease in the number of accidents after a new law was passed. What is wrong with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A decrease greater than 100% is not possible because a 100% decrease reduces the number to zero.

Question 16

Which of the following is a potential problem with self-reported data in surveys?

Accepted Answer

Self-reported data can be inaccurate due to bias or dishonesty.

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered practically significant?

Accepted Answer

A very large study in which it was found that Treatment I resulted in 93% success while Treatment II resulted in 75% success.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the sampling method is important in a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

A poor sampling method can lead to biased results that do not represent the population.

Introductory Statistics Section 1.1: Key Concepts and Guided Practice

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