Question 1

Which statement best describes the charge, mass, and location of neutrons within an atom?

Accepted Answer

Neutrons have no charge, a mass similar to protons, and are located in the nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following best distinguishes an atom from an element?

Accepted Answer

An atom is the smallest unit of matter retaining chemical properties, while an element is a pure substance composed of only one type of atom.

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 4

Given an atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: $$11$$, Mass number: $$23$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of mixture found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Compound

Question 7

In a saltwater solution, which is the solvent and which is the solute?

Accepted Answer

Water is the solvent, salt is the solute.

Question 8

How does the number of electrons in an atom’s valence shell affect its chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with a partially filled valence shell tend to form chemical bonds to achieve stability.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule, a compound, and an ion?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is any group of atoms bonded together, a compound is a molecule with atoms of different elements, and an ion is an atom or molecule with a net charge.

Question 10

Which statement correctly explains how ionic bonds form?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 11

Which property of water is directly attributed to hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

High surface tension

Question 12

During a chemical reaction, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are rearranged to form new molecules.

Question 13

Which equation represents an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 14

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing concentration of reactants

Question 15

Which statement best describes the action of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 16

Why are hydrophilic molecules able to dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

They are polar or charged, allowing them to interact with water’s polarity.

Question 17

Which equation represents the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 19

Which reaction describes the breakdown of a polymer into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 20

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Anatomy & Physiology: Chemistry and Biochemistry Foundations Study Guide

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