Q1. In a chemical equation, what is typically shown on the left side of the equation?

Background

Topic: Chemical Reactions and Equations

This question tests your understanding of how chemical equations are structured, specifically the placement of reactants and products.

Key Terms

• Reactant: A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

• Product: A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.

• Chemical Equation: A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall that a chemical equation shows the substances involved in a reaction, separated by an arrow.

2. The substances on the left side of the arrow are those present before the reaction starts.

3. The substances on the right side of the arrow are those formed as a result of the reaction.

4. Think about the terms used for substances before and after the reaction.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q2. Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?

Background

Topic: Atomic Structure

This question tests your knowledge of the basic components that make up an atom.

Key Terms

• Subatomic Particle: Particles smaller than an atom (protons, neutrons, electrons).

• Compound: A substance made of two or more different elements bonded together.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the three main subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2. Review the definition of a compound and whether it is a particle within an atom.

3. Compare each answer choice to see which does not fit as a subatomic particle.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q3. An atom with 10 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence (outer) electron shell.

Background

Topic: Electron Configuration

This question tests your understanding of how electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus of an atom.

Key Terms and Concepts

• Valence Shell: The outermost electron shell of an atom.

• Electron Configuration: The distribution of electrons among the atom's shells.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the maximum number of electrons in the first and second shells: $2 in the second.

2. For an atom with $10$ electrons, fill the first shell, then the second.

3. Determine how many electrons are in the outermost (second) shell after filling the first shell.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q4. Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ___.

Background

Topic: Chemical Bonding – Polarity

This question tests your understanding of what makes a molecule polar and how electrons are shared in covalent bonds.

Key Terms

• Polar Molecule: A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge due to unequal sharing of electrons.

• Covalent Bond: A bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall that polarity arises when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.

2. Think about how water's oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons.

3. Review the difference between equal and unequal sharing in covalent bonds.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q5. An example of a synthesis/anabolic reaction is when amino acids join to form a/an ________.

Background

Topic: Types of Chemical Reactions – Synthesis/Anabolic

This question tests your knowledge of how smaller molecules combine to form larger ones in the body.

Key Terms

• Synthesis (Anabolic) Reaction: A reaction where smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule.

• Amino Acid: The building block of proteins.

• Protein: A large molecule made of amino acids joined together.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what is formed when amino acids are linked together.

2. Review the definitions of carbohydrate, protein, monomer, and nucleic acid.

3. Identify which macromolecule is made up of amino acids.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q6. In a 10% salt solution, the water is the:

Background

Topic: Solutions and Mixtures

This question tests your understanding of the components of a solution.

Key Terms

• Solvent: The substance in which the solute dissolves (usually present in greater amount).

• Solute: The substance that is dissolved.

• Solution: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Identify which component is present in greater quantity in a salt solution.

2. Recall the definitions of solute and solvent.

3. Determine the role of water in a salt solution.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q7. Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________.

Background

Topic: Carbohydrates – Types and Functions

This question tests your knowledge of the classification of carbohydrates based on their structure.

Key Terms

• Monosaccharide: A single sugar molecule.

• Polysaccharide: A carbohydrate made up of many sugar units linked together.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the structural differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

2. Think about the size and complexity of glycogen and starch molecules.

3. Identify which category fits these large, complex carbohydrates.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q8. Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms.

Background

Topic: Lipids – Fatty Acid Structure

This question tests your understanding of the chemical structure of unsaturated fatty acids.

Key Terms

• Unsaturated Fatty Acid: A fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

• Double Bond: A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

2. Think about what type of bond causes a kink in the fatty acid chain.

3. Identify the bond type present in unsaturated fatty acids.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q9. Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________.

Background

Topic: Basic Chemistry – Elements and Atoms

This question tests your understanding of the fundamental units that make up elements.

Key Terms

• Atom: The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.

• Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded together.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of an element in chemistry.

2. Think about what the smallest unit of an element is.

3. Compare the terms atom, molecule, compound, and polymer.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q10. An atom of magnesium that has lost two electrons would be known as a(n) ________.

Background

Topic: Ions and Atomic Structure

This question tests your understanding of how atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons.

Key Terms

• Cation: A positively charged ion (atom that has lost electrons).

• Anion: A negatively charged ion (atom that has gained electrons).

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what happens to the charge of an atom when it loses electrons.

2. Review the definitions of cation and anion.

3. Determine which term applies to a magnesium atom that has lost two electrons.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q11. Isotopes have different numbers of ________.

Background

Topic: Isotopes and Atomic Structure

This question tests your understanding of what distinguishes isotopes of the same element.

Key Terms

• Isotope: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

• Neutron: A subatomic particle with no charge, found in the nucleus.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what stays the same and what changes among isotopes of an element.

2. Review the definitions of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

3. Identify which subatomic particle varies in number among isotopes.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q12. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________.

Background

Topic: Chemical Bonds – Hydrogen Bonding

This question tests your understanding of the effects of hydrogen bonding in water.

Key Terms

• Hydrogen Bond: A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction.

• Surface Tension: The elastic tendency of a fluid surface caused by hydrogen bonding.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the unique properties of water due to hydrogen bonding.

2. Think about phenomena like water droplets forming beads on a surface.

3. Identify which property is directly caused by hydrogen bonding.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q13. Carbon - carbon bonds are ___ bonds because of their equal sharing of a pair of electrons.

Background

Topic: Covalent Bonding – Polarity

This question tests your understanding of the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.

Key Terms

• Nonpolar Covalent Bond: A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms.

• Polar Covalent Bond: A bond where electrons are shared unequally.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of nonpolar covalent bonds.

2. Think about the electronegativity of carbon atoms in a C–C bond.

3. Determine which type of bond is formed when two identical atoms share electrons equally.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q14. Atomic number is based on the number of these particles in an atom of a particular element.

Background

Topic: Atomic Structure – Atomic Number

This question tests your understanding of what determines the atomic number of an element.

Key Terms

• Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

• Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of atomic number.

2. Review which subatomic particle is counted to determine atomic number.

3. Match the correct particle to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q15. Ionic bonds are formed when these particles are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Background

Topic: Chemical Bonding – Ionic Bonds

This question tests your understanding of how ionic bonds are formed between atoms.

Key Terms

• Ionic Bond: A bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle involved in bonding.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what happens during the formation of an ionic bond.

2. Identify which subatomic particle is transferred between atoms in this process.

3. Match the correct particle to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q16. Atomic mass is based on the number of protons plus the number of ___ in an atom of an element.

Background

Topic: Atomic Structure – Atomic Mass

This question tests your understanding of how atomic mass is calculated.

Key Terms

• Atomic Mass: The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

• Neutron: A subatomic particle with no charge, contributes to atomic mass.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the formula for calculating atomic mass.

2. Identify which subatomic particles are included in this calculation.

3. Match the correct particle to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q17. DNA, RNA, and ATP are types of ___.

Background

Topic: Biological Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids

This question tests your knowledge of the classification of important biological molecules.

Key Terms

• Nucleic Acid: A macromolecule that stores genetic information (DNA, RNA) or energy (ATP).

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the main types of macromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids.

2. Identify which group DNA, RNA, and ATP belong to.

3. Match the correct group to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q18. Triglyceride, cholesterol, estrogen are examples of:

Background

Topic: Biological Macromolecules – Lipids

This question tests your knowledge of the classification of different types of lipids.

Key Terms

• Lipid: A group of organic compounds including fats, oils, and steroids.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the four main types of macromolecules.

2. Identify which group triglyceride, cholesterol, and estrogen belong to.

3. Match the correct group to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q19. Antibodies, enzymes, and some hormones are examples of:

Background

Topic: Biological Macromolecules – Proteins

This question tests your knowledge of the functions and types of proteins in the body.

Key Terms

• Protein: A macromolecule made of amino acids, with diverse functions including enzymes and antibodies.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the main types of macromolecules and their functions.

2. Identify which group antibodies, enzymes, and some hormones belong to.

3. Match the correct group to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q20. C6H12O6 is an example of:

Background

Topic: Biological Macromolecules – Carbohydrates

This question tests your knowledge of the chemical formulas of common biological molecules.

Key Terms

• Carbohydrate: An organic molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often in a 1:2:1 ratio.

• Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate (e.g., glucose).

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the general formula for carbohydrates.

2. Identify which macromolecule C6H12O6 represents.

3. Match the correct group to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q21. Which of the following is NOT one of the top four elements of which the body is composed?

Background

Topic: Elements in the Human Body

This question tests your knowledge of the most abundant elements in the human body.

Key Terms

• Major Elements: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the four most abundant elements in the body.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the four most common elements in the human body.

2. Compare each answer choice to this list.

3. Identify which element is not among the top four.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q22. Each known element is designated with a one or two letter chemical shorthand known as the:

Background

Topic: Chemical Symbols and Notation

This question tests your knowledge of how elements are represented in chemistry.

Key Terms

• Atomic Symbol: The one- or two-letter abbreviation for an element.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the term used for the chemical shorthand of elements.

2. Review the difference between atomic number, mass number, and atomic symbol.

3. Match the correct term to the answer choices provided.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q23. A homogeneous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a ___.

Background

Topic: Mixtures and Solutions

This question tests your understanding of the types of mixtures in chemistry.

Key Terms

• Solution: A homogeneous mixture where the composition is uniform throughout.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of a homogeneous mixture.

2. Review the terms solvent, solute, suspension, and solution.

3. Identify which term describes a uniform mixture of substances.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q24. Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

Background

Topic: Electrolytes and Body Chemistry

This question tests your understanding of what substances are considered electrolytes.

Key Terms

• Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions in solution and conducts electricity.

• Water: Does not dissociate into ions under normal conditions.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of an electrolyte.

2. Review which substances dissociate into ions in water.

3. Identify which answer choice does not fit the definition of an electrolyte.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q25. When acids dissociate/ dissolve in water they release ___.

Background

Topic: Acids, Bases, and pH

This question tests your understanding of what happens when acids are dissolved in water.

Key Terms

• Acid: A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

• Hydrogen Ion (H+): The ion released by acids in solution.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what ions are released by acids in water.

2. Review the difference between acids, bases, and salts.

3. Identify which ion is characteristic of acids.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!