Q: Which of the following is a correct complementary DNA strand for the template sequence $$5'\text{–} TACTGC \text{–}3'$$?

$$3'\text{–} ATGACG \text{–}5'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following ions is most likely involved, and why are electrolytes important?

Accepted Answer

Sodium; electrolytes help conduct electrical impulses necessary for muscle and nerve function.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the body region with its location?

Accepted Answer

Popliteal – posterior aspect of the knee

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form a bilayer in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads face outward toward water, while hydrophobic tails face inward, away from water.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic because its pH is less than 7.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct complementary DNA strand for the template sequence $$5'	ext{–} TACTGC 	ext{–}3'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{–} ATGACG 	ext{–}5'$$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, and what is the main equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the sodium-potassium pump cycle?

Accepted Answer

Three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell, and two potassium ions are pumped into the cell using ATP.

Question 11

A DNA sequence is AAT-CGT-TCG. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

UUA-GCA-AGC

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a dry, protective covering for the body and consists of the epidermis and dermis.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the structure and function of the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, providing a barrier to pathogens.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a cushion and insulator, primarily composed of adipose tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line body cavities that do not open to the exterior and reduce friction between organs.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which two monomers are joined together, releasing a molecule of water.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review: Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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