Question 1

Which organ system is primarily responsible for synthesizing vitamin D and housing cutaneous receptors?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 2

A patient is admitted with a blood pH of 7.0. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The sharp edges of incisors make them ideal for cutting food

Question 4

A red blood cell placed in a solution with a higher concentration of non-diffusible particles than its cytoplasm will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink due to water loss

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging compounds for secretion

Question 6

Which of the following chemical reactions is represented by the equation $$\mathrm{AB} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B}$$?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis or decomposition reaction

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane's selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to pass while restricting others

Question 9

A patient receives a 0.9% NaCl intravenous solution. What is the effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue that distinguishes it from epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue contains an extracellular matrix

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ pump in primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the levels of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 14

A molecule with 7 valence electrons is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Gain 1 electron to become an anion with a -1 charge

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Site of ATP production and cellular respiration

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrolysis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by adding water

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the polarity of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

The apical surface is exposed to the body exterior or cavity, and the basal surface is attached to the basement membrane

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the serous membranes in the ventral body cavity?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs by secreting serous fluid

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It has contractile fibers and is well vascularized

Question 20

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting the structure of collagen fibers would most likely experience problems in which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1–4

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