Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies the function of those parts.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cells, causing them to swell and possibly burst.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic because its pH is less than 7.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$3$$ sodium ions out of the cell and $$2$$ potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to increase body temperature when you are cold.

Question 8

A protein is described as having a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Which level of structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanin protects the nuclei of keratinocytes from damage by UV radiation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular and relies on diffusion from underlying connective tissue for nutrients.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It joins two molecules together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 16

A person with a genetic defect cannot produce the enzyme hexokinase, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Glucose cannot be efficiently metabolized for energy in their cells.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromosomes in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have $$46$$ chromosomes, arranged in $$23$$ pairs.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storage of energy reserves, protection, and support.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts; endocrine glands release their products into the bloodstream.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Systems Study Guide

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