$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrivel due to water leaving the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of form, while physiology is the study of function.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus $$\rightarrow$$ Receptor $$\rightarrow$$ Control Center $$\rightarrow$$ Effector $$\rightarrow$$ Response

Question 5

Which property of water allows it to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 6

Given that oxygen has an atomic number of 8, how many covalent bonds will it typically form to satisfy the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of a phospholipid in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, forming a bilayer that acts as a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating active transport of nutrients across the membrane

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable, complex molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the Central Dogma of Life?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 11

A molecule of glucose ($$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6) is $$broken down during aerobic cellular respiration. Which step produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It requires transport proteins and moves substances down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T; C pairs with G

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is a reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major function of ATP in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why most ionic bonds are broken apart in the presence of water?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule that can surround and separate ions, weakening their attraction.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations – Human Body, Chemistry, and Cells

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