Question 1

A patient presents with a burn that has damaged both the epidermis and the entire dermis. Which type of burn is this, and what is a likely complication?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; likely complication is loss of sensation due to nerve destruction.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 3

A patient is unable to flex their forearm at the elbow after an injury. Which muscle is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration as applied to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$F = m 	imes a$$

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone density and increased fracture risk

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining the resting membrane potential.

Question 7

A person is exposed to a toxin that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Muscle paralysis

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone healing after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus → bony callus → bone remodeling

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It consists of multiple tissue types working together to perform complex functions.

Question 10

A patient with a spinal cord injury at the cervical level is unable to move their legs or arms. What is the term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Quadriplegia

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

It is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of body mass index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$}$$

Question 14

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder joint. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.

Question 18

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot after a leg injury. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for the detachment of myosin heads from actin filaments.

Question 20

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone (diaphysis)

Anatomy & Physiology I: Course Schedule and Exam Guide

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