Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid drop in blood pressure. The body responds by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to restore normal pressure. This is an example of which type of feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which directional term best describes the position of the nose relative to the ears?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 4

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 5

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than a solution with pH 7.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the composition of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 9

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 12

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane via protein channels or carriers, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, excellent solvent, reactivity, and cushioning

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded; RNA contains ribose sugar and is single-stranded.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP)

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates movement of organelles

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the primary function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group

Question 20

Which of the following statements about cell junctions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions prevent leakage between cells; desmosomes anchor cells together; gap junctions allow communication between cells.

Anatomy & Physiology I Exam 1 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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