Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria within a cell?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

A patient is admitted with severe burns that have destroyed the epidermis and dermis but spared the hypodermis. Which degree of burn does this represent, and what is the expected physical appearance?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; dry, leathery appearance with loss of sensation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the breakdown of glucose during catabolism to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP} $$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why a cell placed in a hypertonic solution shrinks?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Covering surfaces and forming glands

Question 8

During mitosis, which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules through protein channels without energy input.

Question 10

Which of the following is a hydrophobic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 11

A nerve fiber is found in which layer of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

HCO$$_3^- / H$_2CO$_3$$ system in blood

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 14

Which of the following tissues is responsible for voluntary movement?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the entry and exit of substances

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium has one layer; stratified has multiple layers.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is involuntary and has intercalated discs.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main energy currency for cellular processes.

Question 20

A cell is observed to engulf a large particle by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Anatomy & Physiology I: Study Guide for Exam 1 and Lab Test 1

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