$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of alveoli in the lungs allow for efficient gas exchange.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function for humans?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a rapid drop in blood glucose levels. Which type of feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for restoring homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical means for separation.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the bicarbonate buffer system when a strong acid is added?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^- + H^+ \rightarrow H_2CO_3}$$

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are not 100% efficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversions.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 9

A patient with emphysema is likely to develop which acid-base imbalance, and why?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation and CO$$_2$$ retention

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell, maintaining a negative interior.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 12

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct representation of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A + B \rightarrow AB + H_2O}$$

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 18

A patient is suffering from severe diarrhea. Which acid-base imbalance are they most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts in cell recognition and protection.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding strong acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Strong acids like HCl dissociate completely in water, while weak acids like H$$_2CO$_3 do $$not.

Anatomy & Physiology I: Unit 1 Study Guide – The Human Body, Chemistry, Acid-Base Balance, and Cells

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