Question 1

Which of the following regions is located on the anterior of the body?
1. Crural
2. Popliteal
3. Sternal
4. Calcaneal

Accepted Answer

B. If 1 and 3 are correct

Question 2

Which of the following ion(s) is/are found in higher concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
1. Sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+})
2. $$Calcium ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$})
3. $$Chlorine ($$\mathrm{Cl^-})
4. $$Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Accepted Answer

A. If 1, 2, and 3 are correct

Question 3

Which of the following substances is hydrophobic?
1. Water
2. Na$$^+
3. $$Glucose
4. Lipid

Accepted Answer

D. If only 4 is correct

Question 4

A patient is admitted with a blood pH of 7.0. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

B. The patient is in acidosis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why severe acidosis is a problem for Ms. Roberts, a diabetic patient in a coma?

Accepted Answer

A. Low pH denatures proteins and disrupts enzyme activity

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct normal range for blood pH in humans?

Accepted Answer

B. $$7.35 - 7.45$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

B. It reverses deviations from a set point to maintain homeostasis

Question 8

Oxygen is highly soluble in water due to which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

C. Oxygen is slightly soluble due to its small size and partial polarity

Question 9

Which of the following bonds is primarily responsible for the solubility of glucose in water?

Accepted Answer

C. Hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

B. Energy storage as the primary source

Question 11

A patient with a serum sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$level of 120 mmol/L (normal: 135-145 mmol/L) is experiencing confusion and muscle weakness. Which physiological principle best explains these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

B. Hyponatremia disrupts action potential generation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in proteins?

Accepted Answer

B. The three-dimensional shape of a protein is critical for its function

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

B. Release of insulin in response to high blood glucose

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A. Lipids are nonpolar and do not form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 15

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.6. Which of the following terms best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

B. Alkalosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a protein's function in the body?

Accepted Answer

A. Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of a buffer system in blood?

Accepted Answer

B. It minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the control of body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A. The hypothalamus acts as the control center in the feedback loop

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered the most versatile biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

B. They perform a wide range of functions including catalysis, transport, structure, signaling, and defense

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of severe acidosis on hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen?

Accepted Answer

B. It decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

Anatomy & Physiology: Practice Exam Study Notes – Body Regions, Ions, Hydrophobicity, pH, and Biomolecules

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