Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together, providing mechanical strength to tissues subjected to stress.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of ATP. Which membrane transport process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell and may burst?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 5

A biopsy of a tissue sample reveals cells with abundant collagen fibers, few cells, and a matrix that resists tension. Which type of tissue is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They resorb and break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 7

A patient presents with a burn that destroys the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. Which of the following best describes this type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why vitamin D is important for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It enhances calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains cholesterol, which increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in melanocytes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Loss of skin pigmentation and increased sensitivity to UV radiation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts.

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in gap junctions would most likely experience problems in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of electrical impulses between cardiac muscle cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of keratin in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a waterproofing protein, protecting against dehydration.

Question 14

A patient is found to have a high level of C-reactive protein in the blood. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A chronic inflammatory condition is present.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the difference between compact and cancellous (spongy) bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while cancellous bone is porous and found inside bones.

Question 16

A patient is unable to sweat due to a malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of hyperthermia during exercise or hot weather

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They produce collagen and other fibers for the extracellular matrix.

Question 18

A patient with a mutation affecting the sodium-potassium pump would most likely experience which of the following cellular problems?

Accepted Answer

Loss of membrane potential and impaired nerve impulse transmission

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A process that amplifies a change, moving the system further from its original state

Question 20

A patient is given an intramuscular (IM) injection. Into which layer of the skin is the injection administered?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Cell Biology, Tissues, and Integumentary System

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