Q: A patient with primary hypothyroidism has elevated TSH but low T3 and T4. Which equation best represents the negative feedback mechanism involved?

$$\text{Low } T3/T4 \rightarrow \text{Increased } TSH$$

Q: In Graves disease, autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid gland. Which equation best represents the effect on hormone levels?

$$\text{Autoantibodies} \rightarrow \text{Increased } T3/T4 \rightarrow \text{Decreased } TSH$$

Q: A patient with a pituitary tumor suppressing TSH has low T3, T4, and TSH. Which equation best represents the hormone pathway?

$$\text{Low } TSH \rightarrow \text{Low } T3/T4$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the physiological role of T3 and T4 hormones on their target cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the metabolic rate of cells.

Question 2

A patient presents with unexplained weight loss and an elevated heart rate. What would you expect their blood levels of T3 and T4 to be?

Accepted Answer

High

Question 3

A patient has gained weight without explanation, feels mentally fuzzy, is fatigued, and complains of feeling cold. What would you expect their blood levels of T3 and T4 to be?

Accepted Answer

Low

Question 4

If you gave a person with primary hypothyroidism an injection of TSH, would you expect levels of T3 and T4 to increase?

Accepted Answer

No, because there is no iodine present to make T3 and T4.

Question 5

Angela’s blood work shows abnormal values. Which hormones were abnormal?

Accepted Answer

T3, T4, and TSH

Question 6

Angela’s symptoms are most consistent with which thyroid disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 7

Angela has low T3, T4, and TSH. If TRH is administered and TSH increases, what is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

TRH suppressing tumor

Question 8

If TRH is administered and TSH does NOT increase, what is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

TSH suppressing tumor

Question 9

After Angela receives thyroid medication, her T3 and T4 levels normalize. What would you expect her TRH and TSH levels to be?

Accepted Answer

Both TRH and TSH would be low

Question 10

Would antibodies be present in the blood if Hashimoto's disease was the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Question 11

If the diagnosis was Graves disease, would TSH levels be high or low?

Accepted Answer

Low

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the pituitary to release TSH?

Accepted Answer

TRH

Question 13

When blood levels of thyroid hormones are high, what happens to TRH and TSH secretion?

Accepted Answer

There is negative feedback to the hypothalamus to suppress the release of TRH and to the pituitary to suppress the release of TSH.

Question 14

A patient presents with hair loss, feeling cold, weight gain, and fatigue. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 15

A patient with primary hypothyroidism has elevated TSH but low T3 and T4. Which equation best represents the negative feedback mechanism involved?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low } T3/T4 ightarrow 	ext{Increased } TSH$$

Question 16

In Graves disease, autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid gland. Which equation best represents the effect on hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Autoantibodies} ightarrow 	ext{Increased } T3/T4 ightarrow 	ext{Decreased } TSH$$

Question 17

A patient with a pituitary tumor suppressing TSH has low T3, T4, and TSH. Which equation best represents the hormone pathway?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low } TSH ightarrow 	ext{Low } T3/T4$$

Question 18

A patient is given TRH and TSH does not increase. What does this suggest about the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The pituitary is unresponsive to TRH.

Question 19

Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism but not hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and feeling cold

Question 20

A patient with Hashimoto's disease is likely to have which of the following in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Autoantibodies against thyroid tissue

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Thyroid Hormones and Disorders

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