Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of mass balance as it applies to human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of a substance in the body remains constant unless it is added or removed.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid increase in blood glucose after eating. Which control mechanism is most likely to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, where insulin is released to lower blood glucose.

Question 3

Which of the following is a mechanistic explanation for why the heart pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of cardiac muscle cells generates pressure that moves blood through vessels.

Question 4

Which equation correctly defines pH mathematically?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10} [\mathrm{H}^+] $$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polar molecules have uneven electron distribution and are generally soluble in water, while nonpolar molecules have even electron distribution and are not soluble in water.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of soluble proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

A scientist is testing a new drug and gives a sugar pill to a control group. What is the term for the effect experienced by the control group due to their expectations?

Accepted Answer

Placebo effect

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the entry and exit of substances, provides structural support, enables cell communication, and separates internal from external environments.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth increases uterine contractions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of electrons in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Electrons participate in chemical bonding, energy transfer, signal transmission, and formation of free radicals.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of the nucleus in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes cilia from flagella?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are short and numerous, moving substances across cell surfaces; flagella are long and few, propelling cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Preventing movement of substances between cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and connecting other tissues

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of feedforward control in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Salivation in anticipation of eating food

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecular shape and function?

Accepted Answer

Molecular shape determines how molecules interact with other molecules and their biological activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of homeostasis failure?

Accepted Answer

Development of disease or dysfunction

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that causes a nocebo effect. Which of the following best describes what happens?

Accepted Answer

The patient experiences negative symptoms due to expectations, even though the drug is inert.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Unit 1 Chapters 1–3

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드