$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function; both are closely integrated.

Question 2

Arrange the following levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex: tissue, organ, molecule, cell, organ system.

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a fever. Which feedback mechanism is most likely responsible for returning their body temperature to normal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which directional term correctly completes the sentence: 'The wrist is ________ to the elbow'?

Accepted Answer

Distal

Question 5

Which serous membrane surrounds the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Undergo crenation

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

During the production and secretion of mucus in a goblet cell, which organelle packages proteins for export?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the reversible reaction for ATP decomposition and synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightleftharpoons \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules through the membrane via carrier proteins without ATP

Question 11

The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves ions in which direction?

Accepted Answer

3 Na+ out of the cell, 2 K+ into the cell

Question 12

Which phase of interphase is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst due to water influx (hemolysis)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for destroying microbes and recycling damaged cell organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward higher solute concentration

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of negative feedback maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Sweating to cool the body during exercise

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face the exterior and interior, hydrophobic tails face each other

Question 19

Which process describes the movement of large particles into a cell by engulfing them with membrane extensions?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Which term describes the spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes: Introduction to the Human Body and Cellular Level of Organization

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