Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of lung alveoli facilitate rapid gas exchange.

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen. Which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be involved?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of structural levels in the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 4

During a negative feedback loop regulating body temperature, which of the following is the correct order of events?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Receptor → Control Center → Effector → Response

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na⁺ out of the cell and K⁺ into the cell using ATP against their concentration gradients.

Question 6

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink (crenate)

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the chemical bond in a molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$)?

Accepted Answer

It is a polar covalent bond with unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Provides strength, cell positioning, development, and survival

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

A patient with Marfan syndrome is at increased risk for which potentially lethal complication due to defective elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Aortic dilation and rupture

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water toward higher solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is a major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate cell recognition and communication

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following cell junctions allows direct communication and transport of small substances between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle tissue that distinguishes it from other tissue types?

Accepted Answer

It contracts and generates force.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They resist changes in pH by containing a weak acid and its corresponding anion.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the repair capacity of tissues?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle usually regenerates because its cells retain mitotic ability.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the serous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Anchors, acts as a barrier, provides immunity, and secretes lubricating fluid

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic fatty acid tails face inward toward each other.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after vessel injury

Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1: Introduction, Chemistry of Life, The Cell, and Histology

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