$$\text{Neutron number} = \text{Atomic mass} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atomic number and the number of subatomic particles in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number equals the number of protons and, in a neutral atom, also equals the number of electrons.

Question 2

A radioisotope has a physical half-life of 8 hours. If you start with 100 mg, how much will remain after 24 hours?

Accepted Answer

25 mg

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the octet rule is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons, resulting in chemical stability.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) forms a cation?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses an electron, resulting in a positive charge and satisfying the octet rule.

Question 5

Which intermolecular attraction is primarily responsible for the high specific heat and surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ mol/L. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between a molecular formula and a structural formula?

Accepted Answer

A structural formula shows both the number, type, and arrangement of atoms, while a molecular formula only shows the number and type.

Question 8

Which property of water is most directly responsible for cooling the body during sweating?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the interaction between phospholipids and water in the formation of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form a bilayer with polar heads facing water and nonpolar tails facing each other.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct expression for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Neutron number} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage

Question 12

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in water?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid dissociates more in water, releasing more H+ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct definition of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule made of repeating subunits called monomers.

Question 15

Which class of lipids is primarily responsible for forming cell membranes, and what property allows them to do so?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids; their amphipathic nature allows them to form bilayers.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonding.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, maltose, starch

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent pH changes by accepting or donating H+ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 20

A protein exposed to a pH far outside its normal range undergoes denaturation. Which of the following best describes what happens?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its three-dimensional shape and function, often irreversibly.

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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