Q: An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is best described as:

A sodium cation ($$\text{Na}^+)$$

Q: Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

$$\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n}\text{O}_n$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy in action, such as muscle movement, whereas potential energy is stored energy, like ATP before it is used.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to X-rays during a diagnostic procedure. Which form of energy is primarily involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Radiant energy

Question 3

Which statement about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Question 4

Given the atomic symbol $$^7_3	ext{Li}$$, what is the number of neutrons in this lithium atom?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 6

Blood is considered a suspension. What property distinguishes a suspension from a solution?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions contain large, visible solutes that settle out over time.

Question 7

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A sodium cation ($$	ext{Na}^+)$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic substances?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around charged particles due to its polarity.

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic with high [H+] concentration.

Question 10

Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_n	ext{H}_{2n}	ext{O}_n$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

A triglyceride molecule is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a building block for vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.

Question 15

Which structural level of a protein is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 16

A protein loses its functional 3-D shape due to high fever. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Question 18

Which base pairing is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 19

Which molecule directly powers chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP ($$	ext{Adenosine Triphosphate})$$

Question 20

A patient is given a medication that acts as a catalyst for a metabolic reaction. Which of the following best describes the effect of this catalyst?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed faster.

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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