Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as energy in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue due to a lack of ATP. Which form of energy conversion is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy to kinetic energy

Question 3

Which statement about elements and atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, forming isotopes.

Question 4

Given the atomic number ($$Z) $$and mass number ($$A) of an $$atom, which formula correctly calculates the number of neutrons ($$N$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$N = A - Z$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a correct example of a subatomic particle and its charge?

Accepted Answer

Electron: positive charge

Question 6

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is broken down in the body to release energy. Which type of energy is primarily released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of electrons, which determine chemical behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about energy according to the law of conservation of energy?

Accepted Answer

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 9

A cyclist pedals a bicycle, converting energy stored in ATP into movement. Which form of energy is primarily involved in turning the wheels?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the composition of matter in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Matter is composed of elements, which are made of atoms.

Question 11

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the cell's energy currency, storing and releasing energy for cellular processes.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose

Question 14

Which statement correctly describes the planetary model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are clustered at the center, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Question 15

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the human body by percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 16

A chemical reaction in the body releases heat. Which type of energy is this heat classified as?

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct definition of mass in the context of matter?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about organic and inorganic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen.

Question 19

Which form of energy is directly involved when you see light from the sun?

Accepted Answer

Radiant energy

Question 20

If an atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$8 ($$mass number $$16$$ minus atomic number $$8)$$

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Module 2 Study Notes

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