Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling body functions?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system provides rapid, short-term responses, while the endocrine system provides slower, long-lasting effects.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the four steps of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis, storage, release, transport

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that affects the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in decreased secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of thyroxine ($$T_4) by $$the thyroid gland

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can pass through the plasma membrane of target cells?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the lipid bilayer.

Question 5

A patient with Cushing syndrome is found to have elevated levels of cortisol. Which of the following is a likely effect of this hormone on the body?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of the immune response

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

A person with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is unable to produce insulin. Which of the following best describes the effect of this deficiency on blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels increase because cells cannot take up glucose efficiently.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop for hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

A hormone inhibits its own release when its blood concentration rises above a set point.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 10

A patient receives a transfusion of type A blood into a type O recipient. Which of the following best describes the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to anti-A antibodies in the recipient's plasma.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why individuals with blood type AB are considered universal recipients?

Accepted Answer

They have no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fate of hemoglobin during erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

The iron from hemoglobin is recycled and the heme group is converted to bilirubin.

Question 13

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

High levels of $$T_3$$ and $$T_4$$, low levels of TSH

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver to increase blood glucose levels

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the clotting process by adhering to damaged blood vessel walls

Question 16

A patient is found to have a deficiency in Vitamin K. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between hydrophilic hormones and their target cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic hormones bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is characterized by a lack of insulin production, while Type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) in a $$blood sample?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{	ext{Volume of red blood cells}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

BIO 142 Unit 1: The Endocrine System and Blood – Study Guide

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