Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and maintains its fluidity.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 3

Which membrane junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 4

During DNA replication, if the original strand has the sequence $$	ext{ATG-CAG}$$, what is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

A patient has a genetic defect affecting microtubules. Which cellular structures and functions are most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of cilia, flagella, and centrioles; cell division and movement

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of a protein, without energy

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which cell extension increases surface area for absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It has an apical surface exposed to the exterior and a basement membrane anchoring it to underlying tissue.

Question 11

Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments and is characterized by parallel collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Act as immune cells to defend against pathogens

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is involuntary and contains intercalated discs.

Question 16

A burn patient is evaluated using the Rule of Nines. What is the primary purpose of this assessment?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the percentage of body surface area affected

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ABCDE rule for skin cancer detection?

Accepted Answer

A stands for 'Asymmetry', B for 'Border', C for 'Color', D for 'Diameter', E for 'Evolution'

Question 18

Which of the following is a dry membrane that covers the external surface of the body?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous membrane

Question 19

During protein synthesis, which molecules are required for translation to occur?

Accepted Answer

mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes

Question 20

A cell undergoes receptor-mediated endocytosis. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The cell selectively takes in specific molecules after they bind to receptors on the membrane.

BIO 163: Chapters 3 & 4 Study Guide – Cells, Tissues, and Skin

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