It actively transports $$3\ \text{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ \text{K}^+$$ into the cell, using ATP.

It is approximately $$-70\ \text{mV}$$, with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of alveoli allow rapid diffusion of gases during respiration.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty maintaining a stable blood glucose level. Which homeostatic mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback regulation involving insulin and glucagon.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Capacity for spontaneous generation

Question 4

A signaling pathway in a cell typically involves which sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Reception, transduction, response

Question 5

Which body cavity contains the heart and is lined by a serous membrane called the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 6

If a patient is lying face up, which anatomical term describes this position?

Accepted Answer

Supine

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$	ext{Na}^+/	ext{K}^+$$ pump) in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$3\ 	ext{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ 	ext{K}^+$$ into the cell, using ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export or membrane insertion

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential ($$V_{	ext{rest}}) of a $$typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is approximately $$-70\ 	ext{mV}$$, with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily involved in chromosome separation during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

During protein synthesis, which process involves the conversion of DNA to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 14

Which of the following is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs and body cavity walls.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of cell membrane proteins classified as 'receptors'?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific molecules and initiate cellular responses.

Question 17

A cell undergoes endocytosis to take in large particles. Which type of vesicular transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

Question 19

Which event occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.

Question 20

A mutation in a gene regulating the cell cycle can lead to uncontrolled cell division. This is most closely associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

BIO 168: Study Notes for Chapters 1 and 3 – Human Body Orientation & Cells

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