Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in a negative feedback mechanism that regulates body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Control Center → Effector

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps after intense exercise. This is most likely due to a decrease in blood pH (acidosis) caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of lactic acid by overworked muscles

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after a vessel injury

Question 4

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory system

Question 5

A molecule of glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6) is $$broken down into two molecules of pyruvate during glycolysis. This process is an example of which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen, creating partial charges

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They resist changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H$$^+$$ ions

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an organic compound and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 9

A patient with bulimia frequently vomits, losing large amounts of stomach acid. What is the most likely effect on their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, leading to alkalosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing electrons

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing complexity in the levels of biological organization?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell

Question 12

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature in humans?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Unfolding of the protein's structure due to heat or pH changes

Question 14

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 16

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Forming a peptide bond between two amino acids by removing a water molecule

Question 18

Which directional term best describes the position of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 19

Which of the following is an inorganic compound essential for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Question 20

Which body cavity contains both the heart and the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Ventral cavity

BIO163 Exam 1 Review: The Human Body Orientation & Basic Chemistry

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