Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward, and feet slightly apart

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a homeostatic imbalance resulting in high blood glucose levels. Which homeostatic mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback involving insulin secretion by the pancreas

Question 4

Which of the following best defines pH?

Accepted Answer

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: $$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, which is released during hydrolysis: $$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell due to its phospholipid bilayer structure

Question 7

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell by osmosis

Question 8

Which tissue type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against environmental hazards and regulation of body temperature

Question 10

During bone repair after a fracture, which process is responsible for replacing the fibrocartilaginous callus with new bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis (ossification)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen production would most likely have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which moves 3 $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ ions out and 2 $$\mathrm{K}^+$$ ions in, creating a negative charge inside the cell

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of neurotransmitters at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

They are chemical messengers that transmit signals from one neuron to another across the synaptic cleft

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion

Question 16

A patient presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal a defect in acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contraction

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 19

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor signals to the legs. Which part of the nervous system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

BIO276 Anatomy & Physiology I: Course Syllabus and Core Study Guide

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