Question 1

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl, as shown in the first two images?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 2

Referencing the pH scale shown in the images, how many times more acidic is lemon juice (pH 2) compared to black coffee (pH 5)? Use the formula $$	ext{Difference} = 10$$^{(pH_2 - pH_1)}$$.

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water alone is not effective in removing oily salad dressing from a bowl?

Accepted Answer

Oils are hydrophobic and do not interact with water’s polar molecules.

Question 4

Which process is depicted in the image showing the breakdown of a polymer into monomers by the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is a hexose sugar, as shown in the monosaccharide structures?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as shown in the lipid diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 7

Which molecule is the main structural component of the plasma membrane, as shown in the membrane diagram?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 8

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane stability.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions, as shown in the enzyme energy diagram?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA, as shown in the double helix diagram?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined by the removal of a water molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids, as shown in the lipid diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting and inflammation

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 3 has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with pH 6.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a biological marker for cell recognition.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Globular proteins are compact, spherical, and have specific functional regions.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about ATP, as shown in the nucleotide diagram?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its terminal phosphate group is removed.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

An acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

Biochemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Water, pH, and Biomolecules

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