$$\text{Cardiac Output} = \text{Heart Rate} \times \text{Stroke Volume}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blockage in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Which region of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Anterior wall of the left ventricle

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the heart's conduction system?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscles

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves are open; atrioventricular valves are closed.

Question 5

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Question 6

A patient has a defect in the interventricular septum. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood between the ventricles

Question 7

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 8

If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, which structure typically takes over as the pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 9

Which of the following blood cells is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in platelets (thrombocytes) is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting

Question 11

Which structure marks the location of the former fetal connection between the right and left atria?

Accepted Answer

Fossa ovalis

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Cardiac Output} = 	ext{Heart Rate} 	imes 	ext{Stroke Volume}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the coronary sinus?

Accepted Answer

Collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and returns it to the right atrium

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary trunk?

Accepted Answer

It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the papillary muscles?

Accepted Answer

They contract to prevent the inversion of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Which chamber of the heart is most likely to be affected by increased pressure?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the superior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of plasma in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 19

Which of the following structures is found in the wall of the atria and increases the volume of the atrium?

Accepted Answer

Auricle

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Pressure} = 	ext{Cardiac Output} 	imes 	ext{Peripheral Resistance}$$

Blood and Heart: Key Structures and Terminology

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