Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the percentage composition of plasma in blood?

$$\text{Plasma} = 0.55 \times \text{Total Blood Volume}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Albumin is responsible for the blood’s colloid osmotic pressure, helping to maintain fluid balance between blood vessels and tissues.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a parasitic infection. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in their blood test, and what is its identifying feature?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils; identified by a bilobed, headphone-shaped nucleus and red-stained granules.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why plasma proteins are essential for blood function?

Accepted Answer

They maintain osmotic pressure, transport hydrophobic molecules, participate in immunity, and assist in blood clotting.

Question 4

A person with blood type AB- can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

A-, B-, AB-, and O-

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the percentage composition of plasma in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Plasma} = 0.55 	imes 	ext{Total Blood Volume}$$

Question 6

A patient is found to have a deficiency in clotting proteins. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Excessive bleeding after minor injuries due to impaired blood clotting.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about granulocytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all granulocytes, each with distinct nuclear shapes and granule staining properties.

Question 8

A laboratory technician observes a white blood cell with a U-shaped nucleus and light-blue to purple stain. What is the most likely identity and function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte; its active form (macrophage) ingests dead cells, bacteria, and antigens, and activates other leukocytes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the ABO and Rh blood group systems?

Accepted Answer

The ABO group is determined by the presence of A and B antigens, while the Rh group is determined by the presence or absence of the Rh antigen.

Question 10

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of immune proteins in plasma would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to infections due to impaired immune defense.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why platelets are critical for survival after a traumatic injury?

Accepted Answer

They assist in blood clotting, preventing excessive blood loss from injured vessels.

Question 12

A blood smear reveals a cell with a large spherical nucleus and a thin rim of light blue cytoplasm. Which cell is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte; produces antibodies and activates immune responses.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the composition of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is approximately 90% water, 9% proteins, and 1% solutes such as glucose, amino acids, and ions.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process by which neutrophils respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils perform chemotaxis to migrate toward infection sites and phagocytose bacteria, enhancing inflammation.

Question 15

A patient with O- blood type requires a transfusion. Which donor blood types are compatible?

Accepted Answer

O- only

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of basophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Basophils release histamine to mediate inflammation and heparin to prevent blood clotting.

Question 17

A patient’s blood test shows a high number of monocytes. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Chronic infection or inflammation, as monocytes become macrophages that ingest pathogens and debris.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of transport proteins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

They bind and transport hydrophobic compounds through the blood.

Question 19

A patient with a deficiency in plasma solutes such as ions may experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Disturbed electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the presence or absence of the Rh antigen is clinically significant in blood transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Transfusing Rh-positive blood into an Rh-negative recipient can trigger an immune response, leading to hemolytic reactions.

Blood Composition and Function: Plasma, Formed Elements, and Blood Groups

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