Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the total oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, given hemoglobin concentration and oxygen binding capacity?

$$\text{O}_2\ \text{capacity} = [\text{Hb}] \times 1.34\ \frac{\text{mL O}_2}{\text{g Hb}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main layers observed after centrifuging a sample of whole blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma at the top, buffy coat in the middle, erythrocytes at the bottom

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition is most likely present, and what is a potential risk?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia; increased blood viscosity and risk of heart strain

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting hormones?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

What is the main function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates red bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production in response to hypoxia

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the total oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, given hemoglobin concentration and oxygen binding capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{O}_2\ 	ext{capacity} = [	ext{Hb}] 	imes 1.34\ \frac{	ext{mL O}_2}{	ext{g Hb}}$$

Question 6

A patient with iron deficiency anemia will most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Low hemoglobin concentration and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 7

Which feature of erythrocytes allows them to efficiently pass through capillaries narrower than their diameter?

Accepted Answer

Spectrin-supported flexible membrane

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why plasma is considered a non-living extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mainly of water, proteins, and dissolved solutes but contains no cells

Question 9

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four oxygen molecules due to its four heme groups

Question 10

A patient’s erythrocytes become less flexible due to a genetic disorder. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to pass through capillaries, leading to decreased tissue oxygenation

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of the negative feedback regulation of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

EPO secretion decreases when blood oxygen levels return to normal

Question 12

Which nutrient is essential for DNA synthesis during erythroblast proliferation in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 13

What is the fate of the iron core from heme after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is salvaged and stored as ferritin or bound to transferrin for reuse

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is a soluble precursor that is converted to insoluble fibrin during blood clotting

Question 15

A patient is severely dehydrated. How will this affect their hematocrit reading, and why?

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit will be artificially elevated due to reduced plasma volume

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of whole blood?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 17

Which cell lineage in bone marrow gives rise to erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus and most organelles?

Accepted Answer

To maximize space for hemoglobin and enhance oxygen transport

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the pH and temperature of whole blood is correct?

Accepted Answer

Blood has a temperature of approximately 38°C and a pH range of 7.35–7.45

Blood: Physical Characteristics, Composition, and Erythrocyte Physiology

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