$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 2

A patient with anemia is found to have a low red blood cell count. Which hormone would most likely be elevated in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiate the clotting process by releasing chemicals and forming a temporary plug

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into layers. Which layer contains the majority of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Plasma layer

Question 5

Which of the following ions is most important for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Ca\^{2+}

Question 6

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood into a type A recipient. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of transfused RBCs

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

It contains four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group.

Question 8

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and primarily responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 9

A newborn is at risk for hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario best explains this risk?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh negative, baby is Rh positive, and mother has been previously sensitized

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fibrin, forming the meshwork of a clot.

Question 11

A patient with leukemia is likely to have which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal proliferation of white blood cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 14

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells have a biconcave shape?

Accepted Answer

To provide a large surface area for gas exchange and flexibility to pass through capillaries

Question 16

Which pathway in the coagulation phase is activated by factors released from damaged tissue and is considered the faster route?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies and direct immune response

Question 18

A patient with hemophilia is most likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inability to form blood clots

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown and removal of a blood clot after healing

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on RBCs

Blood: Structure, Function, and Components – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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