$$\text{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 \times 70$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

A patient with a hematocrit of 30% and hemoglobin of 9 g/dL is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in an emergency transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Four globular protein subunits, each with a heme group

Question 6

During erythropoiesis, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the recycling of hemoglobin from aged red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin → Heme → Biliverdin → Bilirubin

Question 8

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive breakdown of hemoglobin leading to bilirubin accumulation

Question 10

Which pathway in the coagulation cascade is initiated by tissue factor (Factor III) released from damaged tissues?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 11

Which of the following is required for the synthesis of four clotting factors and, if deficient, can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 12

A patient with type O- blood is considered a universal donor because:

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They release clotting chemicals, form temporary plugs, and reduce the size of vessel breaks

Question 14

Which white blood cell type releases histamine and heparin at sites of tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 15

A patient with a high number of band cells (immature neutrophils) in their blood is likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

An acute bacterial infection

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly estimates blood volume in liters for a person weighing 70 kg?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 	imes 70$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated and humoral immunity

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells cannot repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

They lack nuclei and ribosomes

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular phase, Platelet phase, Coagulation phase

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in which ion would have impaired blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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