Question 1

Which of the following best describes the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A phase of vigorous cell growth and metabolism

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint (restriction point) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It checks for DNA damage before the cell enters S phase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about semiconservative DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand

Question 5

A mutation prevents the destruction of cyclins after mitosis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may continuously enter mitosis, leading to uncontrolled cell division

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on its anticodon

Question 7

If a cell's telomerase enzyme is abnormally active in adult somatic cells, what is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell may become 'immortal' and potentially cancerous

Question 8

Which process is responsible for removing noncoding regions (introns) from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosomes

Question 9

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following codons serves as the start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AUG}$$

Question 11

What is the main function of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway?

Accepted Answer

To mark and degrade misfolded or damaged proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death involving caspase activation

Question 13

A patient with progeria has a defective nuclear lamina protein. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope stability

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of microRNA (miRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Binds to and silences mRNAs made by certain exons

Question 15

Which event occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why some amino acids are coded by more than one codon?

Accepted Answer

To provide redundancy that protects against transcription errors

Question 17

What is the role of the signal-recognition particle (SRP) during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It directs the ribosome-mRNA complex to dock on the rough ER

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the S phase of interphase?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with a cleavage furrow forming. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between exons and introns?

Accepted Answer

Exons code for amino acids, introns are noncoding regions

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Protein Synthesis: Core Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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