Q: A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain its electrochemical gradient. Which equation correctly represents the pump's action?

For every 3 sodium ions ($$\text{Na}^+) $$moved out, 2 potassium ions ($$\text{K}^+) $$are moved in: $$3\ \text{Na}^+_{out} : 2\ \text{K}^+_{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It physically isolates the cell, regulates transport, communicates with other cells, and identifies the cell.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic extracellular solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrivel, a process known as crenation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic phosphate heads face the water on both sides of the membrane.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration: $$	ext{Low solute} ightarrow 	ext{High solute}$$

Question 5

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain its electrochemical gradient. Which equation correctly represents the pump's action?

Accepted Answer

For every 3 sodium ions ($$	ext{Na}^+) $$moved out, 2 potassium ions ($$	ext{K}^+) $$are moved in: $$3\ 	ext{Na}^+_{out} : 2\ 	ext{K}^+_{in}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell.

Question 7

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will gain water, swell, and may rupture (lyse).

Question 8

Which process requires ATP and involves the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A type of pinocytosis that results in vesicles containing a high concentration of a specific substance.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane components move laterally, contributing to fluidity.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-life example of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

An immune cell ingesting bacteria during an infection.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the electrochemical gradient across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Electrochemical gradient = concentration gradient + electrical gradient: $$	ext{Electrochemical gradient} = 	ext{Concentration gradient} + 	ext{Electrical gradient}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is true about integral proteins?

Accepted Answer

They span the entire width of the membrane and may reach both sides.

Question 14

A cell needs to ingest large particles such as dead body cells. Which process will it use?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides transportation for substances within the cell.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters from neurons into the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from the movement of one solute down its gradient to move another solute against its gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of transcytosis?

Accepted Answer

Substances are brought into the cell by endocytosis, transported through the cell, and released from the other side.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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