It actively transports $$ 3 \text{Na}^+ $$ out of the cell and $$ 2 \text{K}^+ $$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It selectively regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, allowing communication with other cells.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution containing 90% water and 10% solute. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell because the solution is hypotonic compared to the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell and is responsible for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During active transport, which equation best represents the energy requirement for moving ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_2}{[C]_1} \right) + zF\Delta \Psi $$

Question 5

Which process allows water to move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water efflux.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$ 3 	ext{Na}^+ $$ out of the cell and $$ 2 	ext{K}^+ $$ into the cell using ATP.

Question 10

Which cellular structure increases surface area for absorption in the intestine and kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 11

Which process involves the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 12

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about DNA and RNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized from DNA and can leave the nucleus to direct protein synthesis.

Question 14

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood cells. What effect will this have on the cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through membrane proteins without energy input.

Question 19

Which cellular extension is responsible for moving mucus and inhaled particles out of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 20

Which equation best represents the net movement of solute during simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$ J = -D \frac{dC}{dx} $$

Cell Structures and Their Functions: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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