Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and maintains membrane fluidity

Question 4

Which type of cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 5

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is controlled by concentration gradients and does not require energy.

Question 6

A scientist observes that a cell is using ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between atoms

Question 8

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it a universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Structural support, contraction, and transport

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form a bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads face outward toward water and hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Biomolecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Accepted Answer

They donate protons and have a pH below 7.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They serve as identifying molecules for cell recognition.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to function and moves sodium out and potassium into the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is made of two or more atoms, while a compound is made of two or more different elements.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They form impermeable barriers by joining cells with integral proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules allows it to absorb and retain heat.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds molecules by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks them down by adding water.

Cells and Biomolecules: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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