Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of cadherin proteins. Which cellular structure is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and maintains membrane fluidity

Question 4

Which process requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

A solution with a pH of 5 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

It dissolves a wide variety of solutes due to its polarity

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes and transporters

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Biomolecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms

Question 11

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain C, H, and O and are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of lipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain C, H, and often P, and are composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 13

Which cell junction type allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 14

A scientist is studying a molecule that acts as a proton donor and has a pH below 7. This molecule is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An acid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and modifies proteins for export

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of sodium and potassium ions during primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

ATP is used to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered polymers?

Accepted Answer

They are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 18

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature in humans?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is two or more atoms joined together, while a compound is two or more different elements joined together

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of passive transport in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffusing from alveoli into blood capillaries

Cells and Biomolecules: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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