Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in the cell, and what is the main process it uses to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Question 2

A patient’s cells are unable to efficiently transport sodium ions out of the cell, resulting in swelling. Which membrane transport process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol scattered throughout

Question 4

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 5

Which property of water makes it an excellent solvent for biochemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acting as channels or transporters for molecules

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 11

Which of the following organic molecules is the main source of energy for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Biomolecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat energy.

Question 15

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and is made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. What type of biomolecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in tissues?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together, providing mechanical strength.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids have a pH below 7 and release H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of organic compounds but not inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Cells and Biomolecules: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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