Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of the body's extracellular environment?

Accepted Answer

It is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, extracellular matrix, and dissolved solutes.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in cadherin proteins would most likely experience problems with which cellular function?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell adhesion

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of contact signaling between cells?

Accepted Answer

Interaction of membrane-bound receptors during immune response

Question 4

Which tissue type is specialized for covering surfaces, lining cavities, and forming glands?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 5

A histologist is examining a tissue sample under a microscope. The tissue consists of a single layer of flat cells. Which type of epithelium is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

Which of the following best differentiates endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts; endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream.

Question 7

Which structural class of multicellular exocrine glands is characterized by a branched duct system and secretory units shaped like sacs?

Accepted Answer

Compound alveolar

Question 8

Which connective tissue type is the precursor to all other connective tissues and is found in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

Mesenchyme

Question 9

A tendon is primarily composed of which type of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 10

Which membrane lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior and produces a watery fluid?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 11

During tissue repair, which process involves the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration

Question 12

Which variable is LEAST likely to influence the outcome of tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Number of mitochondria in the extracellular matrix

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 14

Which membrane transport process requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its plasma membrane around them and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which cellular structure is involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

During mitosis, which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

A patient has a mutation that affects the function of cilia. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty clearing mucus from respiratory passages

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution where water moves into the cell by osmosis. Which equation best describes the net movement of water?

Accepted Answer

Net movement occurs from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Cells and Tissues: Structure, Function, and Communication

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