It moves 3 Na\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell and 2 K\textsuperscript{+} in using ATP.

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

Because its phospholipids and proteins can move laterally, creating a flexible and dynamic structure.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with no nucleus, a cell wall, and DNA located in a nucleoid region. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins as described by the RATTLE acronym?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 4

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypertonic compared to their red blood cells. What is the most likely effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, and what is the main process that occurs there?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Question 6

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane, forming a vesicle. Which process is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 7

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the path of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to a plant cell in this environment?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and become turgid.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell and 2 K	extsuperscript{+} in using ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a membrane protein, without using ATP.

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for digesting worn-out organelles and cellular debris in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

A cell uses a carrier protein to move glucose against its concentration gradient, but does not use ATP directly. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of DNA organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

DNA → Nucleosome → Chromatin → Chromosome

Question 15

Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between neighboring animal cells for communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 18

A cell releases insulin (a protein hormone) into the bloodstream. Which process is responsible for this release?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances from high to low concentration without using cellular energy.

Question 20

Which organelle is abundant in cells that produce steroid hormones and is responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Cells, Organelles, and Membrane Transport: Study Guide

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