Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Function always reflects structure; what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Question 2

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature when exposed to cold environments. Which necessary life function is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for eliminating nitrogenous wastes and maintaining water and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 4

A surgeon makes a cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Which plane was used?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

Question 6

If a person is standing in the standard anatomical position, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The thumbs point away from the body.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question 8

A patient has a wound on the lateral side of their right leg. Where is the wound located?

Accepted Answer

On the outer side of the right leg

Question 9

Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pericardium

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the 8 necessary life functions?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Question 11

A patient is experiencing difficulty with movement and heat production. Which organ system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscular system

Question 12

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

The response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.

Question 13

Which organ system is responsible for synthesizing vitamin D and housing sensory receptors for pain and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 14

A cross-section through the body that divides it into superior and inferior parts is made along which plane?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 15

Which of the following is a survival need of the body that is most directly involved in cellular energy release?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 16

Which directional term means 'farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk'?

Accepted Answer

Distal

Question 17

Which body cavity protects the nervous system and contains the cranial and vertebral cavities?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal body cavity

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the control center in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

It determines the set point at which a variable is maintained.

Question 19

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 20

A patient is unable to initiate an immune response and has difficulty disposing of cellular debris. Which organ system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Chapter 1: The Human Body – An Orientation

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