Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It interprets sensory input and dictates motor responses based on past experiences, reflexes, and current conditions.

Question 2

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but their cardiac and smooth muscle function remains intact. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neurons is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons in the CNS can readily divide and regenerate after injury.

Question 4

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 5

A patient with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) experiences slowed nerve impulse conduction. This is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Destruction of the myelin sheath on axons

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents the action potential from moving backward

Question 7

During the resting membrane potential, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+ is in $$highest concentration inside the cell.

Question 8

A neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic receptor and causes the membrane potential to move from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$-60\ \mathrm{mV}. $$This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A graded depolarization (EPSP)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 10

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals at the same time from different presynaptic neurons. The combined effect on the postsynaptic neuron is called:

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the chemical environment and forming the blood-brain barrier

Question 12

Which type of ion channel is primarily responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials along the axon?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated ion channels

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks the sodium-potassium pump. What would be the most immediate effect on the neuron's membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would lose its resting membrane potential and fail to repolarize properly.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as macrophages, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the 'All or None Principle' of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential will always fire with the same magnitude.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the effect of a neurotransmitter depends on the postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

The type of receptor present on the postsynaptic cell determines the effect.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of multipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have one axon and two or more dendrites.

Question 18

A neuron in the retina of the eye is most likely which structural type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, restoration of resting potential

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They assist in producing, monitoring, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Chapter 12: The Nervous System and Neural Tissue - Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드